Theme 8. Maritime Security and Surveillance

• Enhance safety, surveillance and defend the rule of law, while defending a humanitarian approach. The rule of law must be upheld and strengthened in the region. EMUNI
• Regional coordination and a clear commitment of National Authorities to implement and to actively participate in all type of agreements, actions, joint trainings, exchanges, etc.  Collaboration amongst National navies, National Coast Guards and FRONTEX. Sharing key data and information on real time to create the best context to collaborate to fight against pollution, illegal immigration, piracy, smuggling, etc. IOC-UNESCO
• Several studies and research work still done but results weren’t considered thus these studies have to be considered to resolve so many problems. INSTM – Tunisia
• -Establish real-time monitoring and data exchange between governments,
  -Improve the capacity building of the stakeholders,
  -Governments must ensure the application of laws to all users of the sea.  National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (Tunisia)
• 1-Create a joint list between member states and define tasks and responsibilities
  2-Follow up on the implementation of these responsibilities and evaluate them by specialized committees
  3-Raise recommendations for each member and pay attention to them
  4-Activating a control team accredited by several local and international agencies and adopting the team’s decisions
  5-Publish and expose every violation and lack of interest in security and safety of the marine sector through various media
  6-A fine for every person who contributes to destroying the marine environment, by activating the police services system and cooperating with the Mediterranean organization
  7-Development and adoption of all that is new and serves the marine sector.  Ministry of Economy – Palestine
• Create an alliance of technical national agencies and provide open and free data on maritime traffic.  Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna
• Crossroader initiative, joint actions and programs, mobility programs.  AMFORHT
• To carry out the Preliminary Project Presa Puente Estrecho de Gibraltar to unite Europe and Africa and to save the coasts of the Mediterranean from disappearing.
  https://youtu.be/9bbFyKE2DWw  .  Presa Puente Estrecho de Gibraltar, SA
• Renforcer le rôle et les actions menées para l’UpM et mettre en œuvre d’autres OuestMed, dotées de moyens d’action efficaces.  DynMed Alentejo – Associação para Estudos e Projectos de Desenvolvimento Regional Projectos de Dese
• Mettre en place un observatoire méditerranéen de la mer et des littoraux.  Association Tunisienne de l’Ingénierie Côtière, Portuaire et Maritime (ATIM)
• L’amélioration de la sécurité maritime, conformément aux conventions de l’OMI. L’agence européenne pour la sécurité maritime et l’initiative SAFEMED et récemment en 2019 l’initiative ECAMED pour une mise ne place d’une zone ECA en méditerranée (Emissions control AREA) sur les émissions du trafic maritime en oxydes de souffle (SOX) et en oxyde d’Azote (NOX)sont réduite par rapport à la réglementation en vigueur. Cluster Maritime Tunisien
• 1. To facilitate and homogenize data collection in the Mediterranean region and to create tools to be able to use these data (in a safe way for citizens) in the coordinated management between governments.
  2. Capacity building of stakeholders and promote sharing of visions to obtain a participatory diagnosis to be applied by all countries.   UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA
• A special regional task force among the UfM on safety and security to ensure the cooperation and the information exchange.  RAED – Arab Network for Environment and Development
• Promotion and implementation of education and training of the less developed Mediterranean countries. Promotion of fair trade with local and traditional manufacturers who are environmentally sensitive. Creation of an Institution that can coordinate all of it with its own resources coming from public/private sector.   ECONCRETE
• 1. To facilitate and homogenize data collection in the Mediterranean region and to create tools to be able to use these data (in a safe way for citizens) in the coordinated management between governments.
  2. Capacity building of stakeholders and promote sharing of visions to obtain a participatory diagnosis to be applied by all countries.  UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA
• A special regional task force among the UfM on safety and security to ensure the cooperation and the information exchange.  RAED – Arab Network for Environment and Development
• Promotion and implementation of education and training of the less developed Mediterranean countries. Promotion of fair trade with local and traditional manufacturers who are environmentally sensitive. Creation of an Institution that can coordinate all of it with its own resources coming from public/private sector.  ECONCRETE
• 1) Technical actions:
  • Develop new cybersecurity-based solutions for securing data and communications in complex and critical maritime systems such as ports and vessels (positioning systems, communication systems, access control systems, …)
  • Develop integrated solutions based on autonomous and unmanned (marine and air) drones/robots for surveillance around the vessel and in port areas, enhanced by advanced (surface and underwater) target detection and tracking systems
  • Develop advanced Alert Management Systems able to provide a continuously updated situational awareness about the safety and security conditions of a vessel and improve crisis management, in line with international standards in the subject matter, particularly those stipulated by The International Maritime Organisation instruments;
  • Develop new concepts and protocols with private companies and maritime operators to maximize the use of infrastructure, ships and platforms for scientific and environmental monitoring, safety and security purposes;
  • Develop systems for security of ports based on the integration of sensing technologies from multi-observational platforms (airborne, drones, on-ground, surface water and underwater) for the control of the persons and goods (containers, vehicles, …).2) Actions to ensure improved regional cooperation:
  • Enhance awareness at both civil and political levels of the degradation of the marine environment, which presents crucial security challenges in terms of disruption of national economies, displacement of people, degeneration of national identities and loss of lives.
  • Examine the possibility of developing regional directives regarding the safety of fishing ships and the protection from marine pollution generated by these units;
  • Create the legislative, technological and infrastructural conditions to promote a highly connected and automated sea transportation system to improve safety and efficiency of shipping;
  • Join efforts to ensure security in the seafood production and consumption value chain;
  • Improve Mediterranean training centres and capabilities to carry out projects for safety in oil & gas offshore operations, including environmental risk and new technologies;
  • Strengthen and reinforce maritime search and rescue cooperation and coordination in the Mediterranean.   National Research Council of Italy
• Adopt satellite surveillance strategies to detect illegal discharges from ships in the region.  WWF
• Il faut généraliser les chaines sémaphoriques VMS au niveau des pays membres et assurer une meilleure coordination entre les pays voisins.  Ministère de l’agriculture, pêche maritime, développement durable eaux et forêts: département pêche maritime – Maroc
• Information exchange and data exchange is certainly a priority.  Malta Maritime Forum
• – A full-fledged Maritime Surveillance approach for the Mediterranean region must address a multilevel perspective, involving EU, multinational, regional, and local levels of intervention. It is essential to involve public, and private bodies, universities, local authorities and citizens to intervene more efficiently on strategic issues and guarantee better efficiency and success in maritime surveillance;
  – The large diversity of actors and sectors require to build up voluntarist approaches based on the needs of users’ communities addressing maritime surveillance issues, including the convergence of their road maps. The development of clusters from citizens up to Multinational institutions can play a key role to build trust between different levels, but also to strengthen transnational cooperation in view of stimulating innovation, knowledge transfer and boosting the economic value of the sector.
  – Sharing data shall make surveillance more effective offering more affordable and accessible systems tackling integration and organizational issues. Data exchange should be favored by (i) harmonizing the different national legislative frameworks and relevant competent institutions for Maritime Surveillance, while envisaging an increased role of local and regional authorities in supporting these processes; (ii) by identifying the entities and agencies at national level with responsibilities of law enforcement in the maritime environment able to carry and promote the interstate exchange of information and (iii) by promoting the definition of a regional framework dedicated to maritime information sharing, endeavoring the possibility of a mixed public-private agreement to handle the question of property on commercial data deriving from the private sector;
  – Policy can help unlock the development potential of the Maritime Surveillance sector by providing suitable and harmonized legal frameworks for the use of confidential data (between different countries) .
  – Funding and financial authorities should ensure support to all phases of Maritime Surveillance development and particularly (i) help financial sustainability of Maritime Surveillance clusters ensuring trust, openness, stability, accountability and positive external impacts on the territories and (ii) provide funds and resources for Maritime Surveillance (e.g. back loans, public grants, monetary funding schemes, venture capital, etc.).
  – Foster synergies and coordination among the UfM, the renewed MED Blue Growth Community and in particular the two PANORAMED dedicated strategic projects MED OSMoSIS and SHAREMED would help join forces for a greater impact of the above-mentioned actions to support the sector.   Med Blue Growth community
• – Coopération dans le contrôle des navires de plaisance circulant à travers la Méditerranée
  – Réglementation commune sur les mouillages.  Secrétariat général de la mer
• Transposition de la réglementation internationale en loi nationale et veille à l’application des lois.  Agence nationale des ports Maroc
• Il serait utile de plancher sur un mécanisme de Blended Finance UfM qui permettrait le financement du développement de drones autonomes pour la protection des espaces maritimes.
  Dans ce cas, il serait nécessaire de modéliser un prototype de drones innovants, amphibiens et volants, autonomes en énergie.
  Par exemple, un drone avec ballon gonflable à l’hélium (pour qu’il ne consomme que peu d’énergie en vol), équipé d’un compresseur pour réduire le volume d’hélium dans son ballon et donc contrôler son altitude, équipé d’une petite éolienne et d’une surface photovoltaïque pour assurer son autonomie énergétique.
  Ce type de drone peu ainsi rester en vol durant de longue périodes et se déplacer sur de longue distance avec de simples hélices de propulsion.
  Équipé de caméras, de capteurs thermiques, de capteurs anti collision et autres, un réseau de drones pourrait assurer une surveillance efficace de l’espace maritime et d’acquisition / transmission de big data.
  En cas de forte tempête ou de manque d’énergie, le drone compresse son hélium dans un réservoir et réduit le volume de son ballon pour le faire descendre jusqu’à atteindre la surface de l’eau où il se mettra en veille et en recharge. Une fois les conditions réunies, il regonfle son ballon en libérant l’hélium compressé dans le réservoir et reprend de l’altitude pour de nouvelles missions de surveillance et d’acquisition/transmission de data.
  Une coopération financières et politique des nations côtières de l’UfM pour le déploiement d’une telle technologie sous contrôles des autorités locales et accord d’échange de données big data, pourrait permettre une surveillance très efficaces des zones sensibles en priorité, avant d’étendre à d’autres zones moins sensible.
  Les CAPEX et OPEX de ce genre de solution, devrait être raisonnable par rapport à des solutions “humaines” ou “par satellites”.
  Voici un challenge qui pourrait être relevé par une collaboration entre les start-ups incubées dans les NOAH’s Arks.  NOAH ReGen
• Partage des connaissances et d’expérience, plus on partage la même vision sur les objectifs plus facile sera la tenue des engagements.  GRAND PORT MARITIME DE MARSEILLE
• -Mise en place d’une stratégie commune entre les différents pays méditerranéen qui englobe l’échange d’information , la mutualisation des moyens et des équipements qui seront déployés pour le renforcement et le contrôle de la sécurité et la sureté maritime.
  -Renforcement des capacités
  -la mise en œuvre effective des instruments internationaux et régionaux reletives à la sécurité et la sûreté maritime .   IMFMM
• Création d’une académie régionale sur la collaboration continue en matière de contrôle
  Formation continue sur les hautes technologies utilisées pour la surveillance.  Institut National de Recherche Halieutique
• Enhance capacity building in the developing countries and enforce the conventions.  National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
• Forecast systems, GIS tools and big data analysis will be key aspects for security.   CETMAR
• The migrant issue is a shocking humanitarian issue that shames the World. Integration has to happen; Europe has an aging population young people are needed migrants are a source. They need to be trained so that they can have a meaningful life and contribution. Isolation or rejection is not the solution. This is Europe’s biggest welfare issue, so much legislation about animal rights and welfare but this is a black hole! Crime thrives where there is human misery and loss of hope, that is all kinds of crime – Europe needs to embrace these new European citizens. Train, bring them into the work force, integrate them into society.   Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve
• Existing disputes over the delimitation of marine areas pose a challenge to maritime safety. This lack of borders prevents clear and forceful action by State authorities, but a rapid solution to all the delimitation problems that exist in the Mediterranean is not possible.
  It is essential to find a solution that reconciles the lack of clear boundaries with maritime safety, and cooperation is the way.  Universidad de Murcia
• A common plan among all Mediterranean countries and platform to communicate challenges and opportunities in order to develop our area and people as one community on different levels as Education, technology, economy and others.  Lebanese University – Green Community
• L’organisation d’une conférence entre les régions membres de la CIM sur ce thème.  Conseil de la Région de l’Oriental
• Développer une plate-forme interactive et intelligente pour regrouper tous les acteurs connectés.  ASSOCIATION DE PROTECTION DU LITTORAL A MAAMOURA – APLM
• Mettre en place des systèmes de surveillance des zones pour éviter la surpêche et intercepter les bateaux qui sont source de pollution.
  Établir un programme de coordination et une plateforme pour enregistrer tous les acteurs qui œuvrent dans le secteur de la pêche de l’environnement pour réfléchir ensemble sur les priorités et apporter une meilleure collaboration.   ONG ASSISTANCE COMMUNAUTAIRE et développement ASCOM
• La coopération régionale doit tenir compte d’initiatives et réseaux, comme la WestMed, la CRPM, la Fondation Anna Lindh et autres, puis tirer profit des instruments de l’Union Européenne comme l’ENICBCMED ou l’INTERREG.  Generalitat Valenciana
• – Améliorer la coordination et l’échange des informations relatives à la sécurité maritime entre les VTS portuaires et côtiers par la création d’un centre régional d’information maritime.
  – Mutualiser les efforts au niveau régional en termes de contrôle et surveillance
  – Réviser et adopter des textes de loi et des politiques pour lutter contre les activités criminelles en mer et les autres menaces pesant sur le milieu marin.   DIRECTION DES PORTS ET DU DOMAINE PUBLIC MARITIME
• The Central Mediterranean route has become the most used itinerary to the EU in recent years, turning into a huge cemetery for drowned migrants. Only in the five years from 2014 to 2018, IOM`s (UN International Organization for Migration) Missing Migrants Project has documented over 30.900 deaths -women, men and children losing their lives in trying to reach other countries. In this period, the Mediterranean Sea has seen the highest number of deaths, claiming the lives of at least 17.919 people, from which 64% have not been recovered from the sea (World Migration Report 2020).  Also, according to the IOM report, in the current year we are facing 219 deaths of migrants recorded in the Mediterranean Sea (https://missingmigrants.iom.int/region/mediterranean). While the total number of deaths recorded in 2019 in the Central Mediterranean has decreased in comparison to 2018 (https://www.iom.int/news/mediterranean-migrant-arrivals-reach-76558-2019-deaths-reach-1071), the mortality rate (the number of fatalities as a proportion of attempted crossings) is rising. This indicates that the conditions of the migrants’ journeys have worsened.
  EU policies, like the externalisation of European border controls, do not represent the right answer to this complex and dramatic phenomenon. NGOs complain about unacceptable infringements of the principle of international law by non-respecting asylum seekers and refugees in their right of asylum provided in the Constitutions and in the Nice Charter. Similarly, EU directives on international protection have been violated.
  To face this crisis, it is necessary to endorse a better collaboration between EU Member States and other Mediterranean countries, as well as a review of the Dublin Regulation, and broader admission policies particularly for labour migrants. Furthermore, for a greater and more effective involvement of NGOs in rescuing migrants at sea, a deeper cooperation between them and the coast guards of the involved Mediterranean countries is essential. New migratory policies have to think of ways of how to manage environmental migration and present concrete strategies. Still today, people migrating due to environmental reasons do not fall squarely within any of the particular categories provided by the existing international legal framework. IOM posits that the scale of international migration is increasing in line with recent trends. We are witnessing worldwide a growing number of international migrants that is estimated to be at nearly 272 million, with about two thirds being labour migrants. This number already surpasses some projections made for the year 2050, having predicted a total of globally 230 million migrants (World Migration Report 2020). Consequently, we are calling for the urgent recognition of climate refugees by national and international policies, to better face the increasing challenge and cooperate more successful on a broader scale.  Legambiente Onlus
• MSS must address a multilevel perspective, involving EU, multinational, regional, and local levels of intervention. It is essential to involve public, and private bodies, universities, local authorities and citizens to intervene more efficiently on strategic issues and guarantee better efficiency and success in MSS.
  The large diversity of actors and sectors require to build up voluntarist approaches based on the needs of users’ communities addressing MSS issues, including the convergence of their roadmaps. The development of clusters from citizens up to multinational institutions can play a key role to build trust between different levels. The creation of a Mediterranean maritime cluster (e.g. Interreg MED’s PROteuS project) to strengthen transnational cooperation between key Med actors should be exploited. This, to stimulate innovation and knowledge transfer, while boosting the economic value of the sector.
  National authorities responsible for R&D+i should support the developments and harmonisation of experiences among Med countries (e.g. stimulating the development of innovative ICTs; encouraging transformation of technologies into real sharing data systems; supporting multilevel governance; increasing the participation of all MED countries in EU research projects).
  Sharing data shall make MSS more effective offering more affordable and accessible systems tackling integration and organizational issues. Data exchange should be favored by (i) harmonizing the different national legislative frameworks and relevant competent institutions for MSS, while envisaging an increased role of local and regional authorities in supporting these processes; (ii) by identifying the entities and agencies at national level with responsibilities of law enforcement in the maritime environment able to carry and promote the interstate exchange of information and (iii) by promoting the definition of a regional framework dedicated to maritime information sharing, endeavoring the possibility of a mixed public-private agreement to handle the question of property on commercial data deriving from the private sector.
  Funding and financial authorities should ensure support to all phases of MSS development and particularly (i) help financial sustainability of MSS clusters ensuring trust, openness, stability, accountability and positive external impacts on the territories and (ii) provide funds and resources for MSS.
  Promote the sector by enhancing SMEs capacity (e.g. creation of clusters; international agreements for new trades; technology transfer; PPP; training of operators, etc.).
  A proper involvement of local and regional authorities and stakeholders in the decision and policy-making process should be yet foreseen for MSS, since they are often the first ones to experience issues related to pollution, migration, etc. The production and management of marine and maritime knowledge and data should be fully considered, e.g. based on the experiences of the Bologna Charter and the work carried out under the MAREMED and other Interreg Med projects like Med-IAMER and PANACeA.
  Fostering synergies and coordination among UfM, MED Blue Growth Community and Interreg MED OSMoSIS and SHAREMED projects would help join forces for a greater impact to support the sector.  Intermediterranean Commission of CPMR
• 1. Increase the use of tools made available by IMO to enhance maritime safety and security, in the Mediterranean, including the further development of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) and Associated Protective Measures (APMs);
  2. The large diversity of actors and sectors require to build up voluntarist approaches based on the needs of users’ communities addressing maritime surveillance issues, including the convergence of their road maps;
  3. Sharing data shall make surveillance more effective, offering more affordable and accessible systems. Data exchange should be favored by (i) harmonizing the different national legislative frameworks and relevant competent institutions for Maritime Surveillance, while envisaging an increased role of local and regional authorities in supporting these processes; (ii) identifying the entities and agencies at national level with responsibilities of law enforcement in the maritime environment able to carry and promote the interstate exchange of information; and, (iii) promoting the definition of a regional framework dedicated to maritime information sharing, endeavoring the possibility of a mixed public-private agreement to handle the question of property on commercial data deriving from the private sector.   UNEP/MAP Barcelona Convention
• “Regional coordination and a clear commitment by national authorities to implement and actively participate in all kinds of agreements, actions, joint training, exchanges, etc. Collaboration between national navies, national coastguards and FRONTEX.Share important data and information in real time to create the best context to collaborate in the fight against pollution, illegal immigration, piracy, smuggling, etc.  COI-UNESCO Improving maritime safety in accordance with IMO conventions. Think about the urgency of social and political PEACE in the Mediterranean basin”.   CCDRAlentejo